Rotator Cuff Repair
Understanding the Rotator Cuff
The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons — supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis — that stabilize the shoulder joint and allow smooth movement. These tendons attach the muscles to the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). Damage to these tendons, whether from acute injury, repetitive overhead activity, or age-related degeneration, can result in a rotator cuff tear.
Common symptoms include:
Causes of Rotator Cuff Tears
Rotator cuff tears can occur from:
When is Surgery Recommended?
Surgery is considered when:
- There is a full-thickness tear of one or more tendons
- Symptoms persist despite conservative treatment (physical therapy, medications, injections)
- There is significant loss of shoulder strength or function
- Active individuals need to return to sports or heavy labor
Partial tears or mild injuries may often heal or improve with physical therapy and anti-inflammatory measures, but complete tears usually require surgical repair for optimal recovery.
What is Rotator Cuff Repair?
Rotator cuff repair is a procedure that reattaches torn tendons to the humeral head, restoring shoulder stability and function. Depending on the size and location of the tear, the repair may be:
- Arthroscopic Repair: Minimally invasive using small incisions and a tiny camera (arthroscope) to guide the repair. Often associated with less pain, smaller scars, and faster rehabilitation.
- Open Repair: Traditional approach used for large or complex tears, providing direct access to the rotator cuff for precise repair.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Healing after rotator cuff repair is gradual, as tendons take weeks to months to reattach firmly to bone. Key phases include:
- Immobilization (0–6 weeks): Arm is kept in a sling to protect the repair.
- Passive motion (6–8 weeks): Gentle movements guided by a physical therapist to prevent stiffness.
- Active motion (8–12 weeks): Gradual use of the shoulder without strain.
- Strengthening (3–6 months): Targeted exercises restore shoulder strength and endurance.
- Return to full activity (4–6 months or longer): Patients may return to sports or heavy lifting once healing and strength are adequate.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does the surgery take?
Most rotator cuff repairs take 1–2 hours and are performed under general anesthesia.
Will I regain full shoulder strength?
Most patients regain significant strength and function, but outcomes depend on tear size, tendon quality, age, and adherence to rehabilitation. Larger or chronic tears may take longer or result in slightly reduced strength.
How soon can I return to work or sports?
- Light desk work: 2–6 weeks
- Moderate activity: 8–12 weeks
- Heavy lifting or sports: 4–6 months, depending on your healing and strength
If you are experiencing shoulder pain, weakness, or limited motion, don’t wait to get the care you need.